The insect abdomen is built up of a series concave of upper segments known as 'tergites' and convex lower segments known as 'sternites'. The abdomen houses the insect’s digestive tract, and reproductive organs. The first segment of this grasshopper shows an opening called the tympanum. There is a thin membrane stretched across the opening, the vibration of which enables the insect to detect sound. At the other end of the insect is the genitals consisting of the supra-anal plate, circus, ovipositor valves, and the sub genital plate. At the base of each tergite segment is a small opening called a spherical. The spiracles functions as part of the pulmonary system.